"Apartheid" was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that was once enforced by the government of South Africa. The term "apartheid" comes from the Afrikaans language and means "apartness." Apartheid was in place in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s.
Under apartheid, the South African government implemented a wide range of policies and laws that separated people of different racial backgrounds, primarily focusing on the division between the white minority and the non-white majority. The apartheid system included laws that restricted the movement and social interactions of non-white South Africans, denied them equal rights and opportunities, and enforced racial segregation in various aspects of life, such as education, healthcare, housing, and employment.
The system was widely condemned internationally for its gross violations of human rights, and it led to significant racial and social tensions within South Africa. Apartheid officially ended in the early 1990s, primarily through negotiations and political reforms, and the country began its path toward a more inclusive and democratic society. Nelson Mandela, who had been imprisoned for his anti-apartheid activities, became the country's first black president in 1994 after South Africa's first democratic elections.
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